Palmanova: A Star-Shaped City

Palmanova is one of the most significant examples of early modern military architecture. It is a fortified structure with three defensive circles and a city network that extends along radial axes.

Tourists know this city mainly for the large shopping centers located nearby. It is a popular stop on the way back from vacation or during weekend shopping trips. A few hundred meters behind these shops lies a fascinating Renaissance city, a fortress that is definitely worth a visit.

In northeastern Italy, just a short distance from the resorts of Bibione or Lignano, approximately 115 km from Venice, lies a city that on the map resembles a perfect nine-pointed star. Palmanova is a unique Renaissance fortress that today attracts travelers not only with its history but also with relaxing bike trips, walks along the walls, and a peaceful atmosphere.

A Fortress Like from a Geometry Textbook

Palmanova was founded in 1593 at the behest of the Venetian Republic as a defensive point against the Turks. The entire city was designed as a nine-pointed star, with a precisely symmetrical layout and three defensive lines. Even UNESCO recognized its uniqueness and included it on the World Heritage List in 2017.

To this day, the city is accessed through three monumental gates: Porta Udine, Porta Cividale, and Porta Aquileia, where there is a small military museum. Scattered throughout the city are remnants of underground tunnels and casemates, some of which are open to the public.

Piazza Grande – the Heart of the City

The main square Piazza Grande has a regular hexagonal shape and is lined with historic buildings, cafes, and statues. In the center stands a flagpole with the Italian flag, a symbol of the city.

The square is also dominated by the Doge’s Cathedral with a prominent bell tower. Around the square are nine statues of general overseers who historically managed the administration of the fortress. Each of these statues stands at the beginning of one of the radial streets that lead from the square like rays.

The statues are strategically placed to represent the military and civil significance of each direction, enhancing the festive atmosphere of the entire space. Each bears the name and function of its representative – from the defense manager to the city’s chief engineer. Together, they form a unique open-air gallery that recalls the military-administrative importance of Palmanova.

Historical Buildings of Palmanova

Doge’s Cathedral “Duomo”

The Cathedral of the Most Holy Redeemer (Duomo Dogale) has stood on the main square of Palmanova since the early 17th century. Its construction reflects the political, military, and spiritual history of the city. The first cornerstone was laid in 1603 at the behest of the Venetian administrator Girolamo Cappello, following the model of Venetian church architecture. However, the construction took over three decades and faced many complications, including landslides and a plague epidemic. The final completion took place in 1636.

The cathedral was dedicated to the Most Holy Redeemer and its co-patrons – Saint Mark and Saint Justina, who is venerated in Palmanova as the city’s protector. The monumental facade of the cathedral made of Istrian stone is topped with a tympanum with niches and reliefs. The interior is adorned with artworks from the Renaissance, Baroque, and 19th century – including paintings by Pompeo Randi, Domenico Fabris, and sculptures by Pietro Pini.

Significant are also the side chapels, especially the Chapel of the Militias with a painting of the famous Battle of Lepanto, the Chapel of Saint Anne, and the Chapel of Our Lady of the Rosary, whose altar hosted a processional statue of the Virgin Mary until the early 20th century. In the cathedral, one can also admire the wooden larch ceiling, marble altars, and decorated 17th-century organs. Today, the cathedral serves as the spiritual heart of the city and the site of major celebrations – including the traditional pilgrimage on October 7th.

Palazzo del Ragionato

Palazzo del Ragionato, also known as Camera Fiscale, was the seat of the chief treasurer of Palmanova during the Venetian Republic. The building dates back to 1598 and is located in the Borgo Udine part of the city. Its appearance reflects Renaissance architecture, although today part of the building serves commercial purposes on the ground floor. Even so, it retains its historical character and reminds of the administrative significance of the city.

Palazzo del Provveditore Generale

This representative palace is located directly on Piazza Grande and served as the residence of the Venetian provveditore – the civil administrator of the city. The building is a typical example of Renaissance architecture with an emphasis on harmony and monumentality. Today, it houses the city hall.

Palazzo del Governatore delle Armi

Another significant building is the Palazzo del Governatore delle Armi – the residence of the military governor of Palmanova. This building illustrates the military significance of the city and played a key role in managing the defense of the fortress. It is strategically located near key administrative and military points.

Palazzo Monte di Pietà

Palazzo Monte di Pietà was founded in 1666 as a city institution providing financial assistance to less wealthy residents. This historic building embodies the social dimension of city administration and today is among the lesser-known but important cultural monuments of Palmanova.

Attractions and Activities in Palmanova

• In the city, you can choose from three routes along the walls or architecture and the city ranging from 1.5 to 5.3 km.
• You will also encounter many cyclists here, and there is even a charger for e-bikes. Popular cycling routes include:
  • Palmanova – Aquileia – Grado (100 km leisurely ride through historic towns to the sea)
  • Palmanova – Strassoldo – Saciletto – Palmanova (34 km trip through picturesque villages)
  • Palmanova – Trieste (72 km route ending at the Adriatic Sea)
• The second Sunday in July is dedicated to a historical festival, when the whole city comes alive with period uniforms and markets.
• Every year on October 7th, the Santa Giustina Fair is held here, commemorating the day the city was founded.
• In the historic center, there are also cafes and restaurants with views of Renaissance architecture.

Shopping Centers Nearby

In close proximity to the city, there are several large shopping zones. The most famous is the Palmanova Outlet Village – an open outlet with more than a hundred brand stores, cafes, and restaurants. Visitors often take advantage of significant discounts here. Nearby is also the modern Tiare Shopping Center with a large supermarket, multiplex cinema, and other shops. Thanks to their location near the highway, both centers are very accessible even for a short stop.

Practical Information

• Parking is available for free around the walls
• Routes along the walls and surrounding bike paths are also suitable for families with children
• Publicly accessible underground tunnels offer the possibility of an unconventional city tour
• A children’s playground with unconventional play elements is located on Via Molin

Bonus for Antiquity Lovers

Just a few kilometers from Palmanova lies Aquileia – a significant Roman city with archaeological sites, mosaics, and a historical atmosphere.

Palmanova captivates with its peaceful atmosphere, perfect symmetry, and unique combination of history and modern amenities. It is an ideal destination for lovers of architecture, cycling, and relaxing trips.

In the square, there are several pleasant restaurants where you can have a great lunch or coffee with a dessert. Palmanova is a very pleasant ancient city that is worth seeing.